Page 11

Continuous Mixing Machines

Mixing equipment is commercially available to produce plaster slurry in a continuous, on-demand mode. Continuous equipment, is designed to meter dry plaster and a preset proportion of water together under turbulent conditions to form a slurry very quickly. Once formed, the slurry is pumped rapidly through a hose to a discharge nozzle at the mold filling station. The entire system can be washed out at the end of a pour by running water through it.

USG Home · Plaster Fundamentals 101 · Plaster Master Industries · Drying & Storing Casts · Color Pigments · Castings · Finishing Plaster · Mold Making · Trouble-shooting · Foam Products · Rotational Casting Machines · Kijak Mold & Model · Email Us


Castings produced by a batch-mixing operation may differ from those produced from a continuous mixing operation. Pottery molds made by different methods should be analyzed before using them on the same casting bench or line. Castings or pottery molds from these different mixing methods can have different absorption rates, compressive strengths, dimensional properties, and crystal structure. All of these factors affect performance.

Each method has its own positive and negative aspects. Although uniform molds can be produced by proper batch mixing, cost savings per casting may justify continuous mixing for some customers. Production requirements, skill of labor force, and economic considerations will dictate one method as better than the other for a particular shop. Both batch and continuous mixing methods can be successfully used if proper procedures for good mold performance are determined and consistently followed. U.S. Gypsum's role is to attempt to make the facts available to customers to help them select the best course for themselves.

The best internal crystal structure in a plaster casting for most applications is produced when the slurry is accurately proportioned, contamination is avoided, and temperature and mixing are reasonably controlled. Pottery molds, for example, that are so made will have good strength, uniform rate of water absorption, ample total absorption, and good drying rates. Gypsum crystals are comparatively large and regular in size, and capillaries are uniform and sufficient in size and number to allow predictable absorption performance.


Continuous mixing may eliminate the following disadvantages associated with batch mixing:

  1. Susceptibility to human error when trying to "eyeball" the proper water to plaster ratio with each batch when scales are not used to weigh each.
  2. Greater time spent by skilled mold makers on plaster mix preparation.
  3. Tendency for slurry to become more and more viscous as it remains in a batch bucket.
  4. Physical labor involved in handling heavy buckets of plaster slurry.
  5. Greater amount of daily clean-out operations for buckets, mixers, etc.


Before choosing a continuous mixer, these basics need to be considered:

  1. What is the output in gallons per minute required?
  2. What is the dry density of the desired product?
  3. What wet density will be required to reach this dry density?
  4. What is the length of hose needed to get from the machine to the discharge point?
  5. What demolding time is desired?
  6. Is the total output enough to justify the cost of machine?

To establish a continuous mixing operation, the proper plaster must be selected which provides the desired setting action and fluidity. This selection is necessary to suit a given machine, hose length, and set of customer mixing parameters. Proper plaster selection will prevent air entrapment, premature stiffening or setting, settling out in the mold, demolding problems, etc. Fine tuning can be done by adjusting the hose length, set time, mixing energy or consistency.

Quality control is essential. Hand mixes should be carefully weighed and mixed to establish the proper wet density. This density should be determined by weighing a specific volume of slurry. This "cup weight" becomes the target density used to monitor machine output and to control quality. Cup weights are normally taken every hour or several times each day.


Continuous mixing offers the potential for reducing labor costs and improving quality. 


USG Home | Plaster Fundamentals 101 | Drying & Storing Casts | Color Pigments | Castings | Finishing Plaster | Mold Making | Trouble-shooting 

Foam Products | Rotational Casting Machines  | Kijak Mold & Model | Email Us

Plaster Master Industries Home


Plaster Master Industries
4308 Shankweiler Rd. Orefield, PA 18069
Phone (610) 391-9277  ·  Fax (610) 391-0340